Ghiyath al-Din Mahmud bin Muhammad bin Sam – Ghurid Dynasty & the 1st Phase of the Delhi Sultanate – Billo Jital Coin Lahore Type

Obverse: al-sultan al- a zam mahmud bin muhammad bin sam in arabic,

Reverse: Stylized horseman right, with  devanagari legend around above,

Ghiyath al-Din Mahmud غیاث الدین محمود بن محمد بن سام (r. 1206–1212) became the Sultan of the Ghurid Empire after the death of his uncle, Muhammad Ghori. He was the son of Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad, inheriting both the family claim and the fading weight of Ghurid power. His succession in 1206 placed him at the centre of an empire split between Afghanistan–Khorasan and the Indian territories once conquered by Ghori.

Mahmud’s connection with India remained indirect: the regions of Delhi, Lahore, and Bengal were ruled by Ghurid mamluk commanders, yet they continued to acknowledge him in the early years. His coinage reflects this late imperial phase—billon jitals, silver tankas, and rare gold issues—marking the last monetary echo of the Ghurids before the Khwarazmian invasion ended his rule in 1212.