Indo-Parthian Kingdom, Gondophares I (c. 19–46 CE), Region: Province of Jammu, Denomination: Fractional Half Unit, Composition: Billon, Weight: 2.46 grams, Diameter: 12.93 mm, Reference: MIG #1142, About Very Fine, + Very Scarce in this Grade.

Obverse: Bust of the king, diademed, rendered in a compact Parthian style portrait.

Reverse: Greek and Kharoshthi legends, reflecting bilingual administrative usage.

Note: A compact but historically significant fractional issue, difficult to locate in such preservation.

Gondophares I was the most prominent ruler of the Indo-Parthian Kingdom, establishing his authority over regions covering present-day Afghanistan, Pakistan, and parts of north-western India during the early 1st century CE. His reign marked a transitional phase after the decline of Indo-Greek power, blending Parthian political traditions with Hellenistic and Indian influences.

The coinage of Gondophares I is especially important for its bilingual nature, using Greek on one side and Kharoshthi on the other, indicating governance over culturally diverse populations. Fractional billon issues like this half unit were struck for local circulation, facilitating everyday trade in provincial areas such as Jammu. Portraits emphasize royal legitimacy, while legends assert sovereignty in multiple scripts. These coins stand as key evidence of Indo-Parthian administration, monetary policy, and cultural synthesis in early historic South Asia.

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